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Analysis on the Status Quo of the Management of Microbial Drug Residue

(Summary description)With the research on the components of microbial pharmacy dregs, my country's utilization and management of microbial pharmacy dregs are constantly changing.

Analysis on the Status Quo of the Management of Microbial Drug Residue

(Summary description)With the research on the components of microbial pharmacy dregs, my country's utilization and management of microbial pharmacy dregs are constantly changing.

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With the research on the components of microbial pharmacy dregs, my country's utilization and management of microbial pharmacy dregs are constantly changing. This article draws on the management model and management experience of foreign microbial pharmacy residues and the analysis of existing problems in the management of microbial pharmacy residues in my country, and puts forward relevant management suggestions for the treatment and disposal of microbial pharmacy residues, with a view to improving the management of microbial pharmacy residues Provide new ideas for realizing the whole process management from cradle to grave.
At present, my country has become the world's largest producer and exporter of antibiotic raw materials. According to statistics, China's antibiotic production reached 147,000 tons in 2009, of which 24,700 tons were exported. In the world, 75% of penicillin industrial salt, 80% of cephalosporin antibiotics and 90% of streptomycin antibiotics are produced in China.

At present, my country has become the world's largest producer and exporter of antibiotic raw materials

According to the calculation of 40 tons of wet bacteria residue produced by 1 ton of antibiotics (about 70% water content), the amount of wet bacteria residue produced in 2009 was about 6 million tons. Faced with the huge amount of bacterial residue, my country has been exploring the treatment and disposal methods of microbial pharmaceutical residue (hereinafter referred to as "bacterial residue"), but the management system of bacterial residue is rarely studied. As a special kind of hazardous waste, the introduction of the relevant management system for bacterial residues has no time to delay.

1 Changes in the utilization and management of microbial pharmacy residues in my country

Bacteria residue is rich in nutrients such as protein and amino acids, so using it as feed or feed additives is an effective method of recycling. In the 1950s, many countries in the world used bacterial residue as high-protein feed. In the late 1950s, my country's Shanghai No. 3 Pharmaceutical Factory used tetracycline residue as a feed additive and produced a stereotyped product "tetracycline for livestock". From the 1950s to the 1980s, pharmaceutical companies generally used the bacterial residues to be used as protein feeds or additives after simple air drying. In the 1990s, pharmaceutical companies have cooperated with research institutions to study the efficient use of bacterial residues, and began to notice that antibiotics remaining in the mycelium of the bacterial residues may lead to the production of bio-resistant genes, and enriched with the biological chain. Because it endangers human health, antibiotic inactivation and degradation technologies are commonly used to utilize bacterial residue. In February 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health, and the State Drug Administration Announcement No. 176 listed antibiotic filter residues in the list of drugs prohibited to be used in feed and animal drinking water. Since August 23, 2002, the production and sale of dried fungus residue as feed is illegal and illegal business activities, and will be punished accordingly.

In addition, the use of composting method to treat antibiotic bacteria residues can not only stabilize and harm the bacteria residues, but also has a lower cost. The finished compost can also be used as organic fertilizers. It has good economic benefits and has been used worldwide. Widely adopted. However, whether the antibiotic residues in the bacterial residue will have a destructive effect on the microorganisms in the composting process, whether the compost meets the national harmless sanitation standards, etc. still need to be studied. In 2004, Sinopec Group Zhongrun Company invested 30 million yuan to treat bacteria residues in a harmless process to produce biological fertilizers. From 2004 to 2008, antibiotic residues were mainly used as fertilizers, feeds and feed additives after being harmless.

On January 16, 2008, the State Environmental Protection Administration conducted a survey of several companies in Hebei Province on the issue of antibiotic residues, and interpreted the antibiotic residues as "hazardous waste." On June 6, 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission listed bacterial residues as hazardous waste. Since 2008, bacterial residue has been treated as hazardous waste.

In March 2012, the second paragraph of Article 5 "Solid Waste Disposal and Comprehensive Utilization" in Annex 3 "Pharmaceutical Industry Pollution Prevention Technology Policy" of the Ministry of Environmental Protection No. 18, 2012 clearly stipulated that "the production of vitamins, amino acids and other fermented drugs If mycelial waste residue is identified as hazardous waste, it shall be treated as hazardous waste". In May 2012, the Solid Waste Management Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the "Letter on Soliciting Opinions on the National Hazardous Waste List and Hazardous Waste Exemption". So far, there has been a turning point for the bacterial residue to be delineated from the hazardous waste list.
2 Foreign recognition and management of microbial pharmacy residue

In the United States, bacterial residues are considered the largest waste category in the fermented pharmaceutical industry. EPA believes that the main body of bacterial residue waste is mycelium, which contains microbial cells, coagulant aids and remaining nutrients, and is usually not classified as hazardous waste. Bacteria residues are usually burned, landfilled or used as soil improvement.

In India, inactivated mycelium is considered to be completely biodegradable and used as a composting raw material for composting. Fertilizers are rich in nutrients by adding different additives and other components, which can regulate soil structure and function as farm fertilizer.

In the European Union’s "Pharmaceutical Industry Waste in the European Waste List" (EWC), "070513" is a solid waste containing hazardous substances, and bacterial residue is classified as potentially hazardous waste (only when the concentration of hazardous substances in the waste is Only when it exceeds the threshold can it be considered as hazardous waste). The dangerous characteristics of antibiotic slag are defined in terms of whether it is harmful, toxic, and susceptible to infection.

The current policies of Germany and Japan do not include the fungus residue fermentation microbial pharmaceutical waste as hazardous waste. Japan’s current policy defines hazardous waste as combustible waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali solution, susceptible hospital wastewater, and waste containing hazardous substances (polychlorinated biphenyls, asbestos, heavy metals, etc.).

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